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Biological Research For Nursing
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Association of Serum Prolactin and Oxytocin With Milk Production in Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants

Pamela D. Hill, PhD, RN, FAAN

College of Nursing, Moline, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, phill{at}uic.edu

Jean C. Aldag, PhD

University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, Illinois

Hakan Demirtas, PhD

Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Villian Naeem, BS

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

Noah P. Parker, MD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

Michael J. Zinaman, MD

Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

Robert T. Chatterton, Jr, PhD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

The present study was designed to compare milk production and hormone responses (prolactin [PRL], oxytocin [OT]) and to determine associations of hormone levels with milk production in mothers of preterm (PT) and term (TM) infants during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Mothers of PT infants (n = 95) were all pump dependent; mothers of TM infants (n = 98) were all feeding their infant at breast. Mothers of nonnursing PT infants produced less milk over time compared to mothers of TM infants. A higher proportion of PT mothers had lower basal PRL levels compared with TM mothers. PRL and frequency of breast stimulation combined positively influenced milk production in PT mothers. OT levels were higher in PT versus TM mothers, but OT was not related to milk production. Further study is warranted regarding interventions to enhance milk production, particularly in pump-dependent mothers of PT infants.

Key Words: plasma prolactin • plasma oxytocin • milk production • preterm and term parturition

This version was published on April 1, 2009

Biological Research For Nursing, Vol. 10, No. 4, 340-349 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1099800409331394
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