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Biological Research For Nursing, Vol. 5, No. 2, 79-86 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/1099800403256494
© 2003 SAGE Publications

Neuroendocrine Responses to Stressors in Lactating and Nonlactating Mammals: A Literature Review

Pamela D. Hill, PhD, RN, CBE, FAAN

College of Nursing at the University of Illinois at Chicago, phill{at}uic.edu

Robert T. Chatterton, Jr., PhD

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

Jean C. Aldag, PhD, RN

College of Medicine at Peoria at the University of Illinois

Although stress research is a popular topic of study, little is known about the neuroendocrine responses to a stressor in lactating and nonlactating humans. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to examine the neuroendocrine responses, specifically the glucocorticoids and catecholamines, in lactating and nonlactating animals and humans to an acute stressor. A brief overview of the physiological stress response in the human is included. Animal studies strongly suggest that lactation is associated with major changes in neuroendocrine responses to a variety of acute stressors. Neuroendocrine responses in humans to stressors are less clear due to the limited research. Future research is needed involving these responses in humans generally, as well as specifically in the patterns of neuroendocrine responses to chronic stressors in lactating and nonlactating women.

Key Words: stress • lactation • neuroendocrine • animals • humans


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[Abstract] [PDF]