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Biological Research For Nursing, Vol. 7, No. 2, 118-129 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1099800405280823

Chronic Inflammation and Breast Pathology: A Theoretical Model

Diana Lithgow, RN, FNP, PhD

Western University of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, LithgowNP{at}aol.com

Chandice Covington, PhD, RN, CPNP

School of Nursing at the University of California, Los Angeles

Breast cell pathology results from biochemical and molecular changes that culminate in the cell’s loss of functional responsiveness. The epithelial cell compartment in the breast ductal system is the site of approximately 98% of malignant proliferations, and it is from within these cells that the first biochemical signal of change may be expressed as an inflammatory response. Inflammation may be represented by biomarkers of early pathologic changes in breast cells and be associated with risk for the development of breast cancer. A theoretical model of the inflammatory process is proposed showing predictive linkages among stimuli in the breast microenvironment and the development of breast pathology, in particular, breast cancer. This model fuels intervention concepts that may prevent malignant breast health outcomes.

Key Words: inflammation • breast cancer • biomarkers • inflammatory proteins • nipple aspirate fluid


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